伊斯兰与问责制专题

本专题组（或称虚拟"研讨会"）探讨以穆斯林为主的国家（以及少数穆斯林人口国家）在追究核心国际罪行责任方面的成就与挑战，并就如何促进该国家群体加强对国际刑法基本原则的尊重提出建议。多位杰出作者从不同视角出发，剖析了若干受冲突与暴力影响国家的现状。

通过前南斯拉夫问题国际法庭、波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那国家法院的工作，以及多个国家行使普遍管辖权，国际社会为波斯尼亚穆斯林所遭受罪行的追责投入了远超过其他受害群体的司法资源。近年来，我们还见证了国际社会为若开邦北部和巴勒斯坦地区核心国际罪行穆斯林受害者的非凡声援行动。在这三种情形中，被追责的施害方均非穆斯林——分别是波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那的东正教徒、若开邦的佛教徒以及巴勒斯坦的犹太教徒。而对于穆斯林或其他群体遭受穆斯林迫害的情况——如利比亚、索马里、苏丹或叙利亚——国际社会似乎关注甚少。

这场仍在持续扩展的"专题研讨会"已收录50余份奥普萨尔学术出版社（TOAEP）关于各国及相关主题的出版物。截至目前，研究涵盖以下国家：孟加拉国（政策简报系列第160、142、113、105号，出版物系列第23号第11章、出版物系列第16号第12章、出版物系列第16号第13章、出版物系列第16号第14章）；波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那（出版物系列第41号第9章、出版物系列第41号第10章，政策简报第125号、出版物系列第30号、政策简报第92及31号）；乍得（政策简报第74号）；印度尼西亚（政策简报第163及141号、出版物系列第25号第7章、出版物系列第16号第10章）；伊朗（政策简报系列第154及153号、出版物系列第41号第26章、政策简报第84及70号）；伊拉克（出版物系列第32号第13章、出版物系列第32号第14章、政策简报第83及35号）；黎巴嫩（政策简报系列第32号）；利比亚（政策简报第155号）；马里（政策简报第161号）；尼日利亚（出版物系列第28号第20章）；巴勒斯坦（出版物系列第41号第22章、出版物系列第32号第15章、出版物系列第32号第17章、出版物系列第33号第19章）；苏丹（政策简报系列第162及158号）；叙利亚（政策简报系列第154号、出版物系列第22号第7章）；土耳其（出版物系列第22号第6章）；地区性视角（政策简报系列第15号、未来法律系列第2号第4.3.章）。出版物中还有对诸如伊斯兰教法（沙里亚）与国际刑法之间关系等问题的专题分析（纽伦堡学院系列第2号第7章、纽伦堡学院系列第2号第8章、纽伦堡学院系列第2号第9章、出版物系列第25号第9章）；否认、伪装与煽动（出版物系列第41号第16章、出版物系列第41号第27章）；开罗伊斯兰最高学府爱资哈尔在防范核心国际罪行中的作用（出版物系列第41号第29章、出版物系列第41号第31章）；伊斯兰基本教义中对使用武力的限制（纽伦堡学院系列第2号第4、5、6章）；以及规范协调的推定或努力（纽伦堡学院系列第2号第3章）。相关出版物按时间顺序排列如下：

Indonesia: The Lasting Legacy of Impunity
By Bhatara Ibnu Reza, Rully Sandra and Zainal Abidin
PBS No. 163 (2025)

Darfur’s Second Genocide: Breaking the Cycle of Violence and Impunity in Sudan
By Katherine Iliopoulos
PBS No. 162 (2025)

Selection of Cases or Selected by Cases: Prosecutorial Ecology and Agency in Al Hassan before the ICC
By Song Tianying
PBS No. 161 (2024)

The International Crimes Tribunals of Bangladesh: Past, Present and Future
By Md. Mostafa Hosain
PBS No. 160 (2024)

Sudanese Despair and International Failure, 2003–2024: No Way Out?
By Joachim J. Savelsberg
PBS No. 158 (2024)

Patterns of Core International Crimes in Libya: Challenges to Accountability
By Katherine Iliopoulos
PBS No. 155 (2024)

Iran’s Crimes in the Syrian Conflict: A Need for Documentation and Accountability
By Malik al-Abdeh and Lars Hauch
PBS No. 154 (2024)

Universal Jurisdiction Under Threat of Hostage-Taking: Sweden’s Release of Iranian War Criminal Nouri
By Mark Klamberg
PBS No. 153 (2024)

Peace and Reconciliation Diplomacy Challenged by Religious Hatred, Dissimulation and Denial
By Morten Bergsmo
PBS No. 149 (2024)

Religious Leaders and Nationalist Propaganda: The Serbian Orthodox Church
By Svein Mønnesland
Chapter 9 in PS 41 (2023)

Religion and Ethno-Nationalist Extremism in Bosnia and Herzegovina
By Majda Halilović
Chapter 10 in PS 41 (2023)

Incitement to Religious Hatred: An Examination of the Approaches of Extremists to Islámic Sharí‘ah
By Adel Maged
Chapter 16 in PS 41 (2023)

The Use of Religious Themes to Islámize European Anti-Semitism and Motivate Hateful Expression in the Hamas Covenant
By Eliyahu Stern
Chapter 22 in PS 41 (2023)

A Non-Governmental Perspective on the Relative Effectiveness of Multilateral and Bilateral Measures to Combat Hate Speech: An Analysis of Tools Deployed in Response to Religious Hate Speech in Iran
By Bani Dugal
Chapter 26 in PS 41 (2023)

How Should Responsible Religious Leaders React to Hate Speech in Their Community?
By Mohamed Elewa Badar and Rana Moustafa Essawy
Chapter 27 in PS 41 (2023)

The Role of Al-Ázhár Ash-Sharíf in Combating Extremism and Hate Speech in Light of International Instruments
By Adel Maged
Chapter 29 in PS 41 (2023)

Translational and Terminological Sensitizing of Muslim Religious Leaders of Al-Ázhár in the Combat Against Hate Speech
By Fathi M.A. Ahmed
Chapter 31 in PS 41 (2023)

Children and the International Crimes Tribunal of Bangladesh
By Tapas Kanti Baul and Devrishi Tyagi
PBS No. 142 (2022)

Universal Jurisdiction Through the Eyes of ASEAN States: Rule of Law Concerns and the Need for Inclusive and Engaged Discussions
By Cheah Wui Ling
PBS No. 141 (2022)

Denial of Justice for the Victims of Republika Srpska Atrocities
By Haris Subašić
PBS No. 125 (2021)

The Role of the International Criminal Court System in Modulating Political Behaviour in Africa: The Nigerian Example
By Tosin Osasona
Chapter 20 in PS 28 (2018)

Genocide and Constitutionalism in Bangladesh
By Antonio Angotti
PBS No. 113 (2020)

Oppression Among the Oppressed: Inside Refugee Camps in Cox’s Bazar
By Sometaya Ryuta
PBS No. 105 (2020)

The Bosnian War Crimes Justice Strategy a Decade Later
By Jared O. Bell
PBS No. 92 (2018)

Islamic Socio-Legal Norms and International Criminal Justice in Context: Advancing an ‘Object and Purpose’ cum ‘Maqáṣid’ Approach
By Mashood A. Baderin
Chapter 3 in NAS 2 (2018)

Islamic Law and the Limits of Military Aggression
By Asma Afsaruddin
Chapter 4 in NAS 2 (2018)

Jus in Bello and General Principles Related to Warfare According to Islamic Law
By Abdelrahman Afifi
Chapter 5 in NAS 2 (2018)

Non-International Armed Conflicts under Islamic Law: The Case of ISIS
By Ahmed Al-Dawoody
Chapter 6 in NAS 2 (2018)

Arab and Islamic States’ Practice: The Sharíʿah Clause and its Effects on the Implementation of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
By Siraj Khan
Chapter 7 in NAS 2 (2018)

What is the Measure of ‘Universality’? Critical Reflections on ‘Islamic’ Criminal Law and Muslim State Practice vis-à-vis the Rome Statute and the International Criminal Court
By Shaheen Sardar Ali and Satwant Kaur Heer
Chapter 8 in NAS 2 (2018)

Is There a Place for Islamic Law within the Applicable Law of the International Criminal Court?
By Mohamed Elewa Badar
Chapter 9 in NAS 2 (2018)

Politics, Power Dynamics, and the Limits of Existing Self-Regulation and Oversight in ICC Preliminary Examinations
By Asaf Lubin
Chapter 19 in PS 33 (2018)

Accountability for British War Crimes in Iraq? Examining the Nexus between International and National Justice Responses
By Thomas Obel Hansen
Chapter 13 in PS 32 (2018)

The UK in Iraq and the ICC: Judicial Intervention, Positive Complementarity and the Politics of International Criminal Justice
By Rachel Kerr
Chapter 14 in PS 32 (2018)

The Situation of Palestine in Wonderland: An Investigation into the ICC’s Impact in Israel
By Sharon Weill
Chapter 15 in PS 32 (2018)

The Venture of the Comoros Referral at the Preliminary Examination Stage
By Ali Emrah Bozbayindir
Chapter 17 in PS 32 (2018)

Counterfactual History and Bosnia-Herzegovina
By Stian Nordengen Christensen
PS 30 (2018)

Iran's Systemic Denial of Access to Higher Education
By Saman Sabeti
PBS No. 84 (2017)

Policy Choices, Dilemmas and Risks in the ICC's Iraq-UK Preliminary Examination
By Thomas Obel Hansen
PBS No. 83 (2017)

Regional v. Universal Jurisdiction in Africa: The Habré Case
By Mutoy Mubiala
PBS No. 74 (2016)

Constitutional Coherence and the Legal Status of the Bahá'í Community of Iran
By Salim A. Nakhjavani
PBS No. 70 (2016)

The Impact of Religion on Military Self-Interest in Accountability: An Islamic Sharīʿah Perspective
By Adel Maged
Chapter 9 in PS 25 (2015)

The Significance of Bangladesh’s International Crimes (Tribunals) Act in the History of International Criminal Law and Justice
By Md. Mostafa Hosain
Chapter 11 in PS 23 (2015)

International Criminal Law’s “Oriental Pre-Birth”: The 1894–1900 Trials of the Siamese, Ottomans and Chinese
By Gregory S. Gordon
Chapter 6 of PS 22 (2015)

Constructing Humanity’s Justice: Accountability for ‘Crimes Against Humanity’ in the Wake of the Syria Crisis of 1860
By Benjamin E. Brockman-Hawe
Chapter 7 of PS 22 (2015)

Societal Reconciliation, the Rule of Law and the Iraqi High Tribunal
By William H. Wiley
PBS No. 35 (2015)

The Special Tribunal for Lebanon and National Reconciliation
By David Re
PBS No. 32 (2015)

The Elusive Reconciliation in the Former Yugoslavia: Role of the ICTY
By Mirko Klarin
PBS No. 31 (2015)

Contextual Analysis of Accountability for Core International Crimes: A Perspective From the Indonesian Armed Forces
By Agus Widjojo
Chapter 7 in PS 25 (2015)

‘Arab Spring’ to Accountability: Supporting Criminal Justice for Atrocity in North Africa and the Middle East
By Emilie Hunter and Alexandre Skander Galand
PBS No. 15 (2013)

Towards Comprehensive Justice Reform Strategies in the Arab Spring Countries
By Adel Maged
Chapter 4.3. in LOTFS 2 (2012)

Investigating Core International Crimes in Indonesia Using Old Evidence: The Indonesian National Commission on Human Rights’ 1965–1966 Investigations
By Sri Yana
Chapter 10 in PS 16 (2012 (Second Edition, 2024))

Towards the Prosecution of Core International Crimes Before the International Crimes Tribunal
By M. Amir-Ul Islam
Chapter 12 in PS 16 (2012 (Second Edition, 2024))

The International Crimes (Tribunals) Act of 1973 and the Rules: Substantive and Procedural Laws
By Md. Shahinur Islam
Chapter 13 in PS 16 (2012 (Second Edition, 2024))

Bangladesh’s Attempts to Achieve Post-war (or Transitional?) Justice in Accordance with International Legal Standards
By Otto Triffterer
Chapter 14 in PS 16 (2012 (Second Edition, 2024))